The persistent myth of high expatriate failure rates by Harzing

‘The persistent myth of high expatriate failure rates’ by Harzing (1995) is a very influential article, in both academic and professional environments. People refer to it in many reasons. Starting the discussion with identifying the problem mentioned there, we are going to dwell upon the reasons why scholars and business people use this article as the basis for their research and practice.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on ‘The persistent myth of high expatriate failure rates’ by Harzing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main idea of the article is to explain the ways how expatriates may be successful, why multinational companies fail and what should be done in order to reduce the risky rate connected with working abroad. Dwelling upon the importance of the article, it should be pointed to the great research conducted by the author. Starting the discussion with the Buckley and Brookeâ⠂¬â„¢s (1992) statement about the rate of expatriate failure in developed and developing countries, the author gets to the discussion of the references used in the article. This gives an opportunity to understand what specific ideas pushed the authors on the data they refer to. The discussion of the references with the particular statements in the original text is a great analysis of the possible failures. Harzing (1995) used such references as Desatnick and Bennett (1978) or Holmes and Piker (1980) to understand where Buckley and Brooke’s (1992) took the numbers they used in their article. Further reading of the article and closer consideration of the references used by the authors has created a great work which has been comprised in the article. Harzing (1995) does not just review the articles devoted to the high risk rate of expatriates, he tries to understand why the research in the sphere are so numerous and why they still remain up to date. The inability of the authors to consider the reason for the problem and to find an appropriate decision makes scholars and researchers refer to the issue. Harzing (1995) tried to do all possible to find out the truth and to stop research in the field. Having considered many articles which have been devoted to the issue, Harzing (1995) also tried to find the connection between those article. Harzing (1995) reviewed many papers devoted to the empirical research about the mentioned theme. It should be said that much attention was paid to such references as Tung’s discussions, Brewster’s (1991) explanation and Mendenhall and Oddou (1988) research.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, trying to underline the importance of the article and the reasons why many scholars and business people refer to it is in the way how the data is presented. The author does not only provide the review of the article, the connection is shown which can be used for creating the cause and effect points. The final benefit of this article is the scheme which shows the dependency of the research articles and the way how and why these articles are connected. The author created a sort of a problem-tree which has created a chronological order for the research and the way how the data is connected. Therefore, having considered in detail the references used in the articles, the reasons for the numerous research on the problem may be find out. The research is so numerous not because the issue is too difficult, most of the authors just reviewed the articles of their colleagues trying to point at the problem without conducting original research for searching for the ways out. Reference List Brewster, C. (1991). The management of expatriates in multicultural corporations. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Buckley, P.J. Brooke, M. Z. (1992). International business studies. Oxford: Blackwell. De satnick, R. A., Bennett, M. L. (1978). Human resource management in the multinational countries. New York: Nichols. Harzing, A. (1995). The persistent myth of high expatriate failure rates. Human Resource Management, 6, 457-475. Holmes, W., Piker, F. K. (1980). Expatriate failure: Prevention rather than cure. Personnel Management, 12, 30-33.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on ‘The persistent myth of high expatriate failure rates’ by Harzing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mendenhall, M., Oddou, G. (1988). The overseas assignment: A practical look. Business Horizons, 78-84. This essay on ‘The persistent myth of high expatriate failure rates’ by Harzing was written and submitted by user Amber K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

High Health Cost in U.S.A

High Health Cost in U.S.A The cost of health care in the United States of America (U.S.A.) has escalated recently. It is estimated that the health care cost in the United States of America account for 16.6% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The U.S.A. health care cost is perceived to be the highest health care cost among the developed nations. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on High Health Cost in U.S.A specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the recent decade, it has been noted that the rate of healthcare expenditure in United States of America has increased more than the national income as well as inflation. Despite the high healthcare cost in United States of America, it is believed that United States of America is characterized by the greatest discrimination, inequality, worst access to health care as well as poorest health care delivery. The U.S.A. should implement appropriate mechanism to leverage its high health care cost. By 20 08, the U.S.A. was spending about $7,800 per person annually as health care cost. Its health care spending was $2.4 trillion by then and was forecasted to escalate to $4.3 trillion by 2017 if appropriate strategies are not adapted. This represents a 19.7% of the U.S.A GDP. When health care cost escalate more than inflation and people’s income as witnessed in the United States of America, it becomes very difficult for residents to receive deductibles, premiums as well as copayments. High health care costs makes it very tricky for employers to offer their employees medical insurance covers, while at the same time being in a position to remain competitive especially at the current competitive market dynamic. Similarly, high health care cost as the one reflected in United States of America poses a great challenge to governments. Consequently, any government that mirror such a high health care cost faces a lot of problem to try and balance on how to cover its employees and at the same time pay for health care safety net plans for the elderly, those that earn low income as well as children (Mass-Care par. 4). The high health care cost in United States of America is caused by American commercial health care system. The United States of America treats its health care like commodity that is purchased by the government, individuals as well as businesses. Surprisingly, instead of the American health care systems being tailored in a manner to assists the Americans, it is costumed in a way to maximize profits at the expense of the Americans. The United States of America insurance companies, drug manufactures as well as the health care providers are motivated by profits. The monopoly of the single payer Health Care System makes health care coverage in United States of America to be offered as a public good to all. Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In California for example, over 6.4 million American have no health insurance. This number is expected to increase very soon if United States of America does not institute appropriate strategies to curtail the situation. The cost of physicians in United States of America is very high. A report given by Price Water Coopers in 2005 revealed that 86 percent of every $ 1 paid in health insurance premium goes to hospitals, doctors, prescription drugs as well as the outpatient care. In United Sates of America, in every $ 1 that is spent on health insurance premiums, 24 percent go to physician services. It was discovered that health cost of physicians in United States of America in 2005 increased by a rate of 7.8%. This rate was two times higher than the rate of increase of consumer price index that year which was 3.2 percent. The cost of physician was 1.9 percentage points of the 8.8 percent increase in health insurance premiums in 2005 (California Associations of Health Plans 1). Some of the factors that trigger high physician charges are Medicare and Medi-Cal reimbursements rates. Research on health care cost in various nations indicates that low Medicare and Medi-Cal reimbursements rates escalate health care cost because physicians opt to get their lost income by charging their private patients higher charges and also they recover the foregone income by performing more services. Physician salaries in United States of America are very high. Physician in U.S.A. earn three times the salaries that physician receive in other developed nations get. For instance Physician is U.S.A receives about $ 300,000 yearly, while doctors in United Kingdom get about $ 100,000 annually. The high costs that are associated with litigation and defense medicine in U.S.A also increases the health care cost in U.S.A. These costs accounts for approximately 10 percent of the total cost of physician services. The high costs of defense and litigation occurs because physicians prescri be more tests and other expensive procedures to avoid lawsuits. The high number of aging population in United States of America makes the United States of America to use a lot of money on its health care since this group is vulnerable to chronic diseases. Similarly, the high cost in health care in United States of America can be linked to increased investment in the development of medical devices that help to prolong life (California Associations of Health Plans 3). The United States of America is in a dire need to address its ever rising health care cost in order to make sure that every American is in position to access equal and affordable health care service. The sure way to ensure low cost of health care in United States of American is by the federal government enacting appropriated legislations to address high health care cost in U.S.A. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on High Health Cost in U.S.A specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The federal government should enact legislation that will leverage the salaries paid to United States of America physicians to reflect those salaries paid to doctors in other developed nations .In additional, appropriate legislation that support uniform billing and fair prescriptions should be adapted. Through these legislations, the United States of America will be in a position to cut down its high health care cost (Mass-Care par 5). California Associations of Health Plans. â€Å"Medical Costs Growing Faster Than the Economy.† 18 Feb. 2009. Web. Mass-Care. â€Å"Health Care Cost†.28. Feb 2011. Web.28 Nov. 2011

Sustainability Corporate Social Responsibility Report for a person who Assignment

Sustainability Corporate Social Responsibility Report for a person who wants to invest in a business - Assignment Example Large companies are dedicating real time and cash to programs geared towards environmental sustainability, alternative clean sources of energy and a variety of social welfare projects that benefit customers, employees and the community at large. The corporate social responsibility is a self-regulatory mechanism that has been incorporated in modern businesses. Critics suggest that corporate social responsibility diverts the attention of businesses from economic duty, while the proponents claim that companies benefit in terms of profit in the long run. However, research has indicated that corporate social responsibility has had a neutral effect on financial outcomes (Kao 2010). The management and coordination of social, environmental and financial obligations such that there is responsible, ethical and progressive success is referred to as corporate sustainability. Environmental, social and economic expectations are regarded as the major cornerstones of sustainability. Traditionally corporate cultures, social and environmental issues were considered to interfere with financial objectives. However, this has evolved over time and today there is harmony among the four. In order to invest wisely in a certain corporation, it is critical to analyze the corporate social responsibility and sustainability of the business (Kao 2010). Let us consider the case of a multi-national corporation known as Adidas. This corporation creates and produces sporting equipment’s like shoes and jerseys. It is the multinational for the Adidas Corporation and it is based in Bavaria, Germany. (Borowski 2013) By holding, it means the company owns other companies’ major stock and does not produce the goods or services, instead, its role is to own shares of other companies to form a group. The Adidas Group comprises of the following companies; Reebok sportswear, Adidas Golf that consists Ashworth, Rockport and a